The Role of Zoos in Endangered Species Conservation

The worlds best zoos offer face-to-face encounters with some of the most fascinating and rare creatures on the planet—an experience that few people would ever be able to pursue in the wild. Unlike the cramped cages that housed wild animals in sideshow spectacles of the past, the modern zoo has elevated habitat emulation to an art, carefully recreating natural environments and offering inhabitants challenging activities to reduce boredom and stress. The evolution of zoos has also included programs dedicated to protecting endangered species, both in captivity and in the wild. Zoos accredited by the Association of Zoos and Aquariums (AZA) participate in Species Survival Plan Programs that involve captive breeding, reintroduction programs, public education, and field conservation to ensure survival for many of the planets threatened and endangered species. Conservation Breeding AZA conservation breeding programs (also known as captive breeding programs) are designed to augment populations of endangered species and avoid extinction via regulated breeding in zoos and other approved facilities. One of the primary challenges facing captive breeding programs is maintaining genetic diversity. If the population of a captive breeding program is too small, inbreeding may result, leading to health problems that can have a negative impact on the species survival. For this reason, breeding is carefully managed to ensure as much genetic variation as possible. Fast Facts: Six Species Saved From Extinction by Zoos Arabian Oryx: Hunted to extinction in the wild, the Arabian Oryx  was revitalized thanks to conservation efforts of Phoenix Zoo  and others. As of 2017, 1,000 animals had been restored to the wild, while thousands more were living in zoo environments.Przewalski’s Horse: The only truly wild species left in the world, Przewalski’s Horse is native to the grasslands of Central Asia. After being declared completely extinct in the wild, it’s made an amazing comeback.California Condor: Not all that long ago, there were only 27 of these magnificent birds left. Thanks to conservation efforts from the San Diego Wild Animal Park and the Los Angeles Zoo, hundreds of California Condors have been reintroduced into the wild.Bongo: The  Eastern Bongo, a large antelope native to a remote region of Kenya was one of the last large mammal species to be discovered but poaching and loss of habitat nearly wiped them out.  Zoos worldwide are  to working to establish a stable p opulation to ensure their survival.Panamanian Golden Frog:  Beautiful but extremely poisonous, the entire species succumbed to the effects of a devastating fungal disease in the wild. Since 2007, existing captive populations abetted by collaborative conservation efforts by a number of zoos have staved off their extinction.Golden Lion Tamarin: Close to extinction due to loss of habitat from logging and mining, as well as poaching in its native Brazil, there has been a steady effort since the 1980s to ensure this species doesn’t vanish from the face of the Earth. Currently, about one-third of wild Golden Lion Tamarins come from breeding programs.Source: Taronga Conservation Society Australia Reintroduction Programs The goal of reintroduction programs is to release animals that have been raised or rehabilitated in zoos back into their natural habitats. AZA describes these programs as powerful tools used for stabilizing, re-establishing, or increasing in situ animal populations that have suffered significant declines. In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the IUCN Species Survival Commission, AZA-accredited institutions have established reintroduction programs for endangered animals such as the black-footed ferret, California condor, freshwater mussel, and Oregon spotted frog. Public Education Zoos educate millions of visitors each year about endangered species and related conservation issues. Over the past 10 years, AZA-accredited institutions have also trained more than 400,000 teachers with award-winning science curricula. A nationwide study including more than 5,500 visitors from 12 AZA-accredited institutions found that visits to zoos and aquariums prompt individuals to reconsider their role in environmental problems and see themselves as part of the solution. Field Conservation Field conservation focuses on the long-term survival of species in natural ecosystems and habitats. Zoos participate in conservation projects that support studies of populations in the wild, species recovery efforts, veterinary care for wildlife disease issues, and conservation awareness. AZA sponsors a landing page on the National Geographic Societys Global Action Atlas, featuring worldwide conservation projects associated with participating zoos. Success Stories Today, 31 animal species classified as Extinct in the Wild are being bred in captivity. Reintroduction efforts are underway for six of these species, including the Hawaiian crow. According to the IUCN, conservation breeding and reintroduction have helped prevent the extinction of six out of 16 critically endangered bird species and nine out of 13 mammal species, including species previously classified as Extinct in the Wild. The Future of Zoos and Captive Breeding A study recently published in the journal Science supports the establishment of specialized zoos and a network of captive breeding programs that target species facing an acute risk of extinction. According to the study, Specialization generally increases breeding success. The animals can be parked at these zoos until they have a chance of survival in the natural environment and can then be returned to the wild. Endangered species breeding programs will also help scientists better understand population dynamics critical to the management of animals in the wild.

Real Estate Business in Bangladesh - 1485 Words

Abstract: The term business communication is used for all messages that we send and receive for official purpose like running a business, managing an organization, conducting the formal affairs of a voluntary organization and so on. Business communication is marked by formality as against personal and social Communication. The success of any business to a large extent depends on efficient and effective communication. It Takes place among business entities, in market and market places, within organizations and between various group of employees, owners and employees, buyers and sellers, service providers and Customers, sales persons and prospects and also between people within the organization and the press persons. All such†¦show more content†¦Under Internal Business Communication types there come; a) Upward Communication b) Downward Communication c) Horizontal/Literal communication a) Upward Communication Upward communication is the flow of information from subordinates to superiors, or from employees to management. Without upward communication, management works in a vacuum, not knowing if messages have been received properly, or if other problems exist in the organization. By definition, communication is a two-way affair. Yet for effective two-way organizational communication to occur, it must begin from the bottom. Upward Communication is a mean for staff to: o Exchange information o Offer ideas o Express enthusiasm o Achieve job satisfaction o Provide feedback [pic] b) Downward Communication Information flowing from the top of the organizational management hierarchy and telling people in the organization what is important (mission) and what is valued (policies). Downward communication generally provides enabling information – which allows a subordinate to do something. e.g.: Instructions on how to do a task. Downward communication comes after upward communications have been successfully established. This type of communication isShow MoreRelatedTop Fastest Growing Real Estate Markets1000 Words   |  4 Pages5 Fastest Growing Real Estate Markets in South Asia South Asia is the world’s fastest growing region where the value and importance of real estate is more than anywhere else in the world. It is a diverse continent where people have different ways of trading. You must know the fastest growing real estate markets in South Asia before you start your property search. 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Organizational Development and Change Management †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Organizational Development and Change Management. Answer: Introduction The process is concerned with aiding the business organizations in advancing through the change in the norms, policies, procedures, leadership, controlling or job re-design. The prime objective of the concept of organizational development is to bring developments and improvements in the effectiveness and efficiency with the business corporation (Qantas 2018). The theory of organizational development has been segmented into three main segments that are organizational culture, organizational climate and organizational strategy. This process is a continuous procedure that is based on managing future change based on the diagnosis, planning and evaluation. The concept of organizational development can also be simply defined as technique or mechanism used for initiating change in the entire aspects of the business corporation. And this is done as the change will be readily absorbed or adopted. On the basis of the research executed by French and Bell, it has been identified that organizatio nal development is a long-range effort for improving the business enterprise problem-solving and regeneration procedure. This is done through a more effective and collective management of enterprise culture with particular prominence to the formal work teams with assistance of change agent. The below presented is the analyzed report that is made focused on Qantas airways. The business entity is a multinational brand in the airlines sector of Australia. The organization was founded in Queensland in the year 1920 and at present is the Australias largest and biggest domestic and international airlines. The business corporation is focused in developing, designing and offering quality products to the consumers the maximum level of satisfaction. The below executed report is developed with a prime objective of solving the challenges faced due to technological changes. The business entity is facing number of problems due to the technological changes in the business environment. The below ex ecuted analysis is focused on solving the mentioned problems. Causes to the problems The present scenario is focused on the technological problems faced by Qantas Airways. On the basis of the analysis it has been clearly identified that there are number of internal and external factors that are contributing in the issues. According to the survey made by global consulting firm Protiviti (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths 2014), it has been observed that due to modernization and globalization the business corporations are stepping ahead and increasing their investments in technology and this is also increasing their dependency on IT resources. The firms 2012 IT Audit benchmarking survey has presented a list of top technological challenges that can be faced by the business entities. It has also been observed that number of business enterprises fail to conduct any type of IT audit risk assessment and due to which experience critical gaps and issues. The below presented is the list of the top 10 technological issues that can be experienced by Qantas airways: Cloud computing Information security Regulatory compliance Social media Risk management and governance Technology integration and up-gradation Infrastructure management Resource management Fraud monitoring Business continuity/ disaster recovery The above mentioned are all the technological issues that can be experienced by Qantas airways and there are number of internal and external components that are held liable for stimulating and affecting the business environment of the entity (Bogers West 2012). Moreover, there are varied ranges of change models that can be used by the business firm for making understand the organizational and structured change and also the causes of the issues faced. One of the best approaches that can be utilized by Qantas airways is Lewins change management model. This model is one of the most recognized and effective management model that is possibly used for understanding the changes in the organizational structure and business environment. This management model was designed and developed by Kurt Lewin in 1950. Kurt Lewin was a physicist and social scientist who described the structured and organizational change by making use of changing states of a block of ice (Brigham Ehrhardt 2013). The bel ow is the description of the change model: Unfreezing: The first step of the model is all about preparing for the change. This step is describing the significance of change and its need in the business corporation. In simpler terms the approach is referred to the procedure of maintaining and keeping the old and rigid norms aside that are held responsible for hampering the prosperity and success of a business corporation (By, Burnes Oswick 2011). The model pay a significant role in making the people understand the importance of the change as it has been observe that most individuals around the world try to resist change. The Lewins change model is the mechanism that is aiming to open the mind of the individuals or the workforce of the business corporation for bringing and adopting new and immediate changes. The prime objective of this approach is explaining the individuals about the reason why the current process or procedures need change and what will be the profits that will be earned by the adoption of change Qantas airway s will have to organize number of programs and training sessions for making the workforce understand the significance of change. Under this approach the senior authorities and the managers of the business corporation shall aid and assist the workforce to have an open-minded thinking capability (By, Burnes Oswick 2012). And thus the stage of unfreezing is primarily concerned with a task of stimulating the mindset of the individuals against different situations of the business environment. Change: This is the stage or the step where the occurrence of the real transition takes place. In simpler terms change or transition is referred to the procedure under which new and innovative ideas are learned and implemented by the management of Qantas Airways. The process is considered as a time consuming one, as usually it is observed that the individuals take time to embrace new happenings, advancements, and changes (Calegari, Sibley Turner 2015). At this stage, the significance is given to good leadership and re-assurance as the mentioned aspects not only lead to direct forward in the correct direction but will also aid in simplifying the process for the workforce who are involved in the process. The management of Qantas airways should take initiative and assist the workforce in making the adaption of changes and making them generate new and innovative ideas for performing the functions. Moreover, the change in the business may also generate situations of conflicts and create issues and under these conditions, the workforce is required to maintain patience level within the organization. Refreeze: At this stage, the business entity is understood with the concept that the change has been successfully accepted, embraced and implemented by the workforce and the business corporation is regaining stability (Cameron Green 2015). This is the time when everything starts refreezing and staff and processes are coming back to their normal place and routine. Moreover, at this stage, the employees are expected to deliver with whatever they have been taught during the course of a process of change management. And the activities are required to be incorporated into the routine operational activities. The above demonstrated is the change model that is one of the approaches to change management. The further described are the internal and the external factors that are the cause of the problems: Internal factors Cloud computing: Cloud computing is all about storing, processing and managing the data at one place by utilizing a network of remote servers rather than making use of the local server or personal computer (Carter et al. 2013). This system has been considered as one of the biggest aid for a firm as it keeps the compresses the data and processing are also done at the same time that can bring an increase in the quality of the data. Apart from all the benefits this system is one of the biggest factors of threat and can cause issues for an enterprise. For instance, the data of the clients of Qantas airways stored in the cloud system can be exposed to threats as no system is perfectly secure and hence has been considered as one of e biggest cause of a technological issue. Technology integration and up-gradation: Technology is advancing rapidly and thus the business organizations are having loads of pressure of making the successful implementation of updated technology and various means and mechanisms in the operations and organizational structure (Chatenier et al. 2010). The toughest task is making the decision regarding the choice of techniques and tools that will suit best to the business organization. And this can also be considered as a challenge for the business as the choice of the mechanisms and techniques should be appropriate and relevant and it should prove beneficial to the business firm. Big data, virtualization, and cloud computing are some of the examples of the contemporary mechanisms and will be proven advantageous for the enterprise. And if the business firm fails to do so then this will come across as a barrier to the success and growth. Information security: As Qantas airways are a multinational corporation and have a huge pool of customers and clients (Coghlan, Rashford de Figueiredo 2015). The business entity is required to safeguard the data and personal and confidential information of the clients. This is one of the crucial tasks and is required to be done effectively and efficiently. The confidential data of the clients is required to be safeguarded for maintaining their trust and loyalty. The process of safeguarding the data is time-consuming and is also expensive. And this can be considered as a challenge for the business. External factors Social media: The social media has been considered as one of the biggest platforms for marketing the products and services for any of the business firm. This platform offers the wide range of benefits to the business enterprise. But it is not necessary that social media suits to every business organization (De Waal et al. 2014). In case of Qantas, there are the number of issues that can be raised if the business entity is making adoption of this platform for making marketing and promotional activities. The below mentioned are some of the challenges that will be faced by the business firm: Not having a clear social media plan will be proven dis-advantageous for the business firm. Qantas Airways will have to gather additional resources for managing the online presence and this will be proven expensive to the entity and will be an issue for the firm (Fry 2017). Moreover, the process should be updated and monitored on regular basis and that will require the business entity to employ additional workforce for performing these operations. If the business corporation is failing in actively managing the online presence then they will fail to enjoy the real benefits. Governing authorities: The technological environment of the business firm is stimulated mostly by the regulations and norms imposed by the governing authorities. For instance, in the present scenario, Qantas airways have to maintain the health and safety of the passengers traveling through the flights as prescribed by the governing authorities (Gassmann, Enkel Chesbrough 2010). Maintaining the norms and regulations is a crucial task and also proves expensive for the firm and hence has been considered as one of the biggest external factors of issues for the business enterprise. Marketing trends: On the basis of the executed research it has been observed that market has rapidly changing trends. These trends are capable of stimulating the business environment for any of the firm. And hence the business entities are required to maintain an updated organizational structure that is enough capable of coping-up with the changing trends. But if the business enterprise fails in doing so then these changing trends will come across as a challenge. Change process The change process has been considered as a sequence or a list of practices that a project leader or manager will be following for the application of the change management to a change in order for driving individual transitions and also ensuring the task is accomplishing the determined targets (Hayes 2014). The change process has been recognized as one of the integral tasks for the business firm. As mentioned in the present scenario Qantas Airways can face the presented technological issues and for which the entity is required to develop a change process. The process of change management has evolved over the years with change management models, processes and plans developed for aiding the impact change process can have on the business organization. The below presented is the change management process that is required to be adopted by the organization for tackling the technological challenges faced by the enterprise. The presenter is the 8 steps model developed and designed by John Ko tters and this can be adopted by Qantas airways: Identify what will be improved Since most of the changes occur for improving the operations, product or an outcome it is an empirical task to identify the focus and to clarify the targets to be attained. This will also require the identification of resources and workforce that will facilitate the operations of the change process (Helfat Martin 2015). Knowing what is required to be changed will enable the employees to focus the efforts in a right direction. Presenting a solid business case to stakeholders The business organization has several hierarchies of stakeholders within the business organization that plays an integral role in the organizational structure and hence it is of very much essential to present a solid business case in front of the stakeholders (Hon, Bloom Crant 2014). Plan for the change This step can be considered as the roadmap through which the business entity will be attaining the desired targets and outcomes (Hornstein 2015). The entity will also integrate resources required, the expenses to be incurred and objectives of the plan. This step is a critical element as providing a planned multi-step process will be proven advantageous rather than providing sudden unplanned changes. A well-planned change management process for the IT services will bring a reduction in the impact of the IT infrastructure changes on the business. Provide resources and use data for evaluation Making the availability of resources for any of the operation or process is one of the crucial elements. For the adoption of change process resources identification and providing financial support is one of the crucial task (Johnson 2015). These can include the provision of equipments, tools, software systems and infrastructure. Moreover, the data collected should be evaluated for developing a clarity in communication among the organizational structure. This will be proven beneficial while making implementing the change process. Communication The term communication has been considered as golden thread that is considered as the connecting bridge and runs throughout the whole change process (Johnston Marshall 2016). A proper communication is required for a successful completion of any of the process or operation and same is with the change process. The managers and the senior authorities are required to communicate relevant data or information to the team and other employees so as to make them understand the need for change and benefits of the same. Monitoring and managing risks and resistance A detailed research is required to be executed over the operations and related aspects so as to evaluate the risks (King, Hopkins Cornish 2017). Moreover, resistance is the most basic part of the change process and it is capable enough to threaten the success of the project. Resistance occurs due to fear of unknown risk associated with the change. Celebrate success Recognizing milestones is an essential part of any of the task. It is significant to recognize the success of the team and workforce involved (Langley et al. 2013). This will aid in making the adaption of change management process. Review, revise and continuous improvement This change process is a continuous process (Lozano 2013). Regular reviewing is required throughout the process and also necessary improvements are also required to be made for better outcomes. Recommendations for managers The managers are recommended to offer proper guidance on all the aspects associated with the change process. Clarity in communication should be maintained by top management and transparency throughout the operations is also required. Regular motivation and training sessions should be offered to the teams (Million S. Bossaller, 2015). Proper leadership should be pursued by the managers so as to ensure the completion of tasks and allotted projects within the deadline and a proper leadership will also bring improved outcomes in the form of increased efficiency and productivity. Recommendations for employees Marinating positive attitude towards the work and task allotted is one of the top recommendations that are required to be made. Positivity in nature and acceptance should be shown by the employees towards the changes implemented by the management. Activeness in the work and less resistance will develop a positive environment (Ouma 2017). Moreover, working with co-operation and mutual understanding will be aiding the team while performing the tasks. Recommendations for the similar companies One of the best recommendations for the similar organizations in the sector is that the business entity should review and analyze the organizational structure and evaluate the need for change (Poff Zimmerman 2010). The change process is an empirical requirement for any of the business organization and is required to be implemented with greater efficiency for desired and better outcomes. Conclusion After summing up the above-executed analysis it has been analyzed that development and change process has been considered as one of the integral tasks for any of the business organization and that is required to be executed with great effectiveness and efficiency. The above report details the technological issues faced by Qantas airways in Australia which may hinder expansion as the entity is planning to make adoption of change management process. References Benn, S., Dunphy, D. Griffiths, A., (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Bogers, M. West, J., (2012). Managing distributed innovation: Strategic utilization of open and user innovation.Creativity and innovation management,21(1), pp.61-75. Brigham, E.F. Ehrhardt, M.C., (2013).Financial management: Theory practice. Cengage Learning. By, R.T., Burnes, B. Oswick, C., (2011). Change management: The road ahead. Journal of Change Management, 11(1), pp.1-6. By, R.T., Burnes, B. Oswick, C., (2012). Change management: Leadership, values and ethics. Journal of Change Management, 12(1), pp.1-5. Calegari, M.F., Sibley, R.E. Turner, M.E., (2015). A Roadmap for Using Kotter's Organizational Change Model to Build Faculty Engagement in Accreditation.Academy of Educational Leadership Journal,19(3), p.31. Cameron, E. Green, M., (2015).Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools and techniques of organizational change. Kogan Page Publishers. Carter, M.Z., Armenakis, A.A., Feild, H.S. Mossholder, K.W., (2013). Transformational leadership, relationship quality, and employee performance during continuous incremental organizational change.Journal of Organizational Behavior,34(7), pp.942-958. Chatenier, E.D., Verstegen, J.A., Biemans, H.J., Mulder, M. Omta, O.S., (2010). Identification of competencies for professionals in open innovation teams.Rd Management,40(3), pp.271-280. Coghlan, D., Rashford, N.S. de Figueiredo, J.N., (2015).Organizational change and strategy: An interlevel dynamics approach. Routledge. De Waal, G.A., Maritz, A., Scheepers, H., McLoughlin, S. Hempel, B., (2014). A conceptual framework for guiding business transformation and organizational change in innovative ICT projects.International Journal of Organizational Innovation (Online),7(2), p.6. Fry, R., (2017). Richard Beckhard: The Formulator of Organizational Change.The Palgrave Handbook of Organizational Change Thinkers, pp.91-105. Gassmann, O., Enkel, E. Chesbrough, H., (2010). The future of open innovation.Rd Management,40(3), pp.213-221. Hayes, J., (2014).The theory and practice of change management. Palgrave Macmillan. Helfat, C.E. Martin, J.A., (2015). Dynamic managerial capabilities: Review and assessment of managerial impact on strategic change.Journal of Management,41(5), pp.1281-1312. Hon, A.H., Bloom, M. Crant, J.M., (2014). Overcoming resistance to change and enhancing creative performance.Journal of Management,40(3), pp.919-941. Hornstein, H.A., (2015). The integration of project management and organizational change management is now a necessity.International Journal of Project Management,33(2), pp.291-298. Johnson, A.R., (2015).The effect of leadership style on employee engagement within an organizational environment of change: A correlational study(Doctoral dissertation, Capella University). Johnston, M.W. Marshall, G.W., (2016).Sales force management: Leadership, innovation, technology. Routledge. King, S., Hopkins, M. Cornish, N., (2017). Can models of organizational change help to understand success and failurein community sentences? Applying Kotters model of organizational change to an Integrated Offender Management case study.Criminology Criminal Justice, p.1748895817721274. Langley, A., Smallman, C., Tsoukas, H. Van de Ven, A.H., (2013). Process studies of change in organization and management: Unveiling temporality, activity, and flow.Academy of Management Journal,56(1), pp.1-13. Lozano, R., (2013). Are companies planning their organisational changes for corporate sustainability? An analysis of three case studies on resistance to change and their strategies to overcome it.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,20(5), pp.275-295. Million, A.J. S. Bossaller, J., (2015). Strike While the Iron Is Hot: Change Management in the Context of a New Political Administration.Journal of Library Administration,55(2), pp.92-113. Ouma, C., (2017). Planning for Organizational Change and the Role of Leadership in Implementing Change.International Journal of Innovative Research and Development,6(7). Poff, N.L. Zimmerman, J.K., (2010). Ecological responses to altered flow regimes: a literature review to inform the science and management of environmental flows.Freshwater Biology,55(1), pp.194-205. Qantas, (2018). Our company, Assessed on 26th February 2018, https://www.qantas.com/travel/airlines/company/global/en.

Marcus Brutus free essay sample

Could a murderer ever be considered â€Å"honorable†? Or would their reputation be tarnished forever by that one act? In the play Julius Caesar by William Shakespeare, Marcus Brutus is considered one of the most â€Å"honorable† men in Rome. When asked by Caius Cassius to join the conspiracy to assassinate the war hero, Julius Caesar, after some deliberation, Brutus agrees. Once they murder Caesar, it causes great confusion and sadness amongst the Roman people, especially in Mark Antony, Caesar’s right hand man, who ends up causing even more chaos with his speech at Caesar’s funeral. This causes a civil war to ensue, splitting Rome in half, in which both Cassius and Brutus kill themselves. Brutus was not an honorable man because he displayed many unacceptable characteristics throughout the play. To begin with, Brutus acted hypocritically more than once throughout the play. Brutus announces his strong feelings about the death of Cato: â€Å"By which I did blame Cato for the death / Which he did give himself; I know not how, / But I do find it cowardly and vile† (V. We will write a custom essay sample on Marcus Brutus or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page . 101-103). In this statement, Brutus clearly displays disapproval towards the act of suicide, yet he decides to commit suicide in the end. This shows how he chooses to kill himself, despite knowing that he believes it is not a noble way to die. In addition, he complains to Cassius about funding for their army saying: â€Å"I did send to you / For certain sums of gold, which you denied me; / For I can raise no money by vile means† (IV. 3. 69-71). He is angry with Cassius for not lending him money to strengthen their army, while he is also lecturing him on being dishonorable for obtaining money through illegal methods. His actions display hypocrisy because he is getting so desperate for money for their army, that he is turning to illegal methods to earn some, while simultaneously attempting to maintain his â€Å"pure† and â€Å"honorable† image. Even though Brutus was a hypocrite, his cockiness was an even greater flaw. Secondly, Brutus behaves and acts in an over confident manner. â€Å"There is no terror, Cassius, in your threats; / For I am armed so strong in honesty / That they pass by me as the idle wind / which I respect not,† Brutus declares to Cassius during one of their numerous fights (IV. 3. 66-69). Brutus believes that he is practically untouchable since he has so few flaws, and acts as though he is perfect. He is so confident in his honesty that he thinks anything under him is less important and less powerful. Also, Brutus tells Cassius before the two exchange their final goodbyes at Philippi: â€Å"Think not, thou noble Roman, / That ever Brutus will go bound to Rome; / He bears too great a mind† (V. 2. 110-112). Once again, Brutus demonstrates his pride by saying he is such a great and valuable person. Brutus believes he is above being held as a prisoner of war and that Cassius should not even think of being captured by the enemy as an option. His cocky attitude contributed to thinking he was always right. Lastly, Brutus possesses poor decision making skills. After reading letters from the â€Å"people† of Rome, Brutus replies: â€Å"If the redress will follow, thou receivst / Thy full petition at the hand of Brutus! † (II. 1. 57-58). This encourages Brutus to join the conspiracy, even though the letters were actually made by Cassius in order to sway Brutus into joining their group, and were therefore all phony. Brutus made a poor choice to kill his friend, Caesar, over some fake letters, showing that Brutus cans also be easily manipulated, and should not be allowed to make such important decisions. To add to that, Brutus allows Antony to speak at Caesar’s funeral, explaining: â€Å"I will myself into the pulpit first, / And show the reason of our Caesar’s death. / What Antony shall speak, I will protest† (III. 1. 236-238). It is sheer stupidity to let Caesar’s angry and fiercely loyal advisor speak at Caesar’s funeral, especially since it is common sense to have let Antony calm down more after the death before letting him have such a necessary role in the conspirator’s plan to convince the public that Caesar’s death was needed. It is even worse that Brutus shot down Cassius’s advice to not let Antony speak, since it was more logical than Brutus’s plan. Brutus’s poor decision making was only one of many factors that led to his downfall. Overall, Brutus is not an honorable man because he displayed many poor characteristics throughout the play that also contributed to his demise as well. Even though honorable does not mean perfect, it still means that a person must have a noble and just reputation in order to deserve that title. Brutus did possess good qualities that could have helped him to achieve the â€Å"honorable† status; however, his negative qualities outweighed the good ones. This should help people understand that it is alright to make mistakes, since the world we live in is far from perfect, yet they should also strive to do what is right for their community, world, and most importantly, themselves.

Microft

Microft Use your browser back button to go back to the search results. Click here to return to the home page. MICROSOFT Corporation Case Analysis Word Count: 6270 words. Subject area: Business Studies : Management Introduction Microsoft, the world's largest designer of software languages and application for personal computers, was started in July 1975 when William Gates and Paul Allen formed a partnership with the mission of developing computer languages for Altair and other microcomputer companies. The name Microsoft was created from a contraction of the word "microcomputer" and "software". The first operation is headquartered in Seattle and the first language that the company produced is Microsoft BASIC, which was followed by Disk BASIC. Gates diligently helped convince corporation of the nascent microcomputer industry's viability that help the Microsoft got its first contracts with Fortune 500 firms like General Electric, Citicorp, and National Cash Register that signed a contract in 1976 .Microsoft and FlickrIn 1977 and 1978, Microsoft released FORTRAN and COBOL programming languages respectively. These two languages were written for the control program for microcomputer, or CP/M operating system, one of many available in the unstandardized microcomputer market. Fortunately for Microsoft, a number of firms, including Sirius, Zenith, and Sharp, chose CP/M as the operating system for their new computers. As a result, Microsoft became the leading distributor for microcomputer languages. The modern PC era dawned in 1980 when IBM chose Microsoft to write the operating system for its new machines. Microsoft was contracted by IBM to write a BASIC program for IBM's 8 bit memory and to furnish several other languages, such as Pascal, FORTRAN, and COBOL for IBM's machine that is based on Intel 8086 chip. In order to do that, Microsoft had to gain access to Digital Research's CP/M operating system, which they failed to do that.

Pascual Orozco, Early Leader of the Mexican Revolution

Pascual Orozco, Early Leader of the Mexican Revolution Pascual Orozco (January 28, 1882–August 30, 1915) was a Mexican muleteer, warlord, and revolutionary who participated in the early parts of the Mexican Revolution (1910–1920). More of an opportunist than an idealist, Orozco and his army fought in many key battles between 1910 and 1914 before he â€Å"backed the wrong horse,† said General Victoriano Huerta, whose brief presidency lasted from 1913 to 1914. Exiled, Orozco was captured and executed by Texas Rangers. Fast Facts: Pascual Orozco Known For: Mexican revolutionaryBorn: January 28, 1882 in Santa Inà ©s,  Chihuahua, MexicoParents: Pascual Orozco Sr. and Amanda Orozco y VzquezaDied: August 30, 1915 in the Van Horn Mountains, MexicoNotable Quote: â€Å"Here are the wrappers: send more tamales.† Early Life Pascual Orozco was born on January 28, 1882, in Santa Inà ©s,  Chihuahua, Mexico. Before the Mexican Revolution broke out, he was a small-time entrepreneur, storekeeper, and muleteer. He came from a lower-middle-class family in the northern state of Chihuahua and by working hard and saving money, he was able to acquire a respectable amount of wealth. As a self-starter who made his own fortune, he became disenchanted with the corrupt regime of Porfirio Dà ­az, who tended to favor old money and those with connections, neither of which Orozco had. Orozco became involved with the Flores Magà ³n brothers, Mexican dissidents trying to stir up rebellion from safety in the United States. Orozco and Madero In 1910, opposition presidential candidate Francisco I. Madero, who lost due to election fraud, called for a revolution against the crooked Dà ­az. Orozco organized a small force in the Guerrero area of Chihuahua and quickly won a series of skirmishes against federal forces. His force grew with every victory, swelled by local peasants who were drawn by patriotism, greed, or both. By the time Madero returned to Mexico from exile in the United States, Orozco commanded a force of several thousand men. Madero promoted him first to colonel and then general, even though Orozco had no military background. Early Victories While Emiliano Zapatas army kept Dà ­az federal forces busy in the south, Orozco and his armies took over the north. The uneasy alliance of Orozco, Madero, and Pancho Villa captured several key towns in Northern Mexico, including Ciudad Juarez, which Madero made his provisional capital. Orozco maintained his businesses during his time as general. On one occasion, his first action upon capturing a town was to sack the home of a business rival. Orozco was a cruel and ruthless commander. He once sent the uniforms of dead federal soldiers back to Dà ­az with a note: â€Å"Here are the wrappers: send more tamales.† Revolt Against Madero The armies of the north drove Dà ­az from Mexico in May 1911 and Madero took over. Madero saw Orozco as a violent bumpkin, useful to the war effort but out of his depth in government. Orozco, who was unlike Villa in that he was fighting not for idealism but under the assumption that he would be made at least a state governor, was outraged. Orozco had accepted the post of general, but he resigned it when he refused to fight Zapata, who had rebelled against Madero for not implementing land reform. In March 1912 Orozco and his men, called Orozquistas or Colorados, once again took to the field. Orozco in 1912–1913 Fighting Zapata to the south and Orozco to the north, Madero turned to two generals: Victoriano Huerta, a relic left over from the days of Dà ­az, and Pancho Villa, who still supported him. Huerta and Villa were able to rout Orozco in several key battles. Orozcos poor control of his men contributed to his losses: he allowed them to sack and loot captured towns, which turned the locals against him. Orozco fled to the United States but returned when Huerta overthrew and assassinated Madero in February 1913. President Huerta, in need of allies, offered him a generalship and Orozco accepted. Huertas Downfall Orozco was once again fighting Pancho Villa, who was outraged by Huertas murder of Madero. Two more generals appeared on the scene: Alvaro Obregà ³n and Venustiano Carranza, both at the head of huge armies in Sonora. Villa, Zapata, Obregà ³n, and Carranza were united by their hatred of Huerta, and their combined might was far too much for the new president, even with Orozco and his colorados on his side. When Villa crushed the federales at the battle of Zacatecas in June 1914, Huerta fled the country. Orozco fought on for a while but he was seriously outgunned and he, too, went into exile in 1914. Death After the fall of Huerta, Villa, Carranza, Obregà ³n, and Zapata began slugging it out among themselves. Seeing an opportunity, Orozco and Huerta met up in New Mexico and began planning a new revolt. They were captured by American forces and charged with conspiracy. Huerta died in prison. Orozco escaped and was later shot and killed by Texas Rangers on August 30, 1915. According to the Texas version, he and his men tried to steal some horses and were tracked down and killed in the ensuing gunfight. According to the Mexicans, Orozco and his men were defending themselves from greedy Texas ranchers, who wanted their horses. Legacy Today, Orozco is considered a minor figure in the Mexican Revolution. He never reached the presidency and modern historians and readers prefer the flair of Villa or the idealism of Zapata. It should not be forgotten, however, that at the time of Maderos return to Mexico, Orozco commanded the largest and most powerful of the revolutionary armies and that he won several key battles in the early days of the revolution. Although it has been asserted by some that Orozco was an opportunist who coldly used the revolution to his own gain, that does not change the fact that if not for Orozco, Dà ­az may well have crushed Madero in 1911. Sources McLynn, Frank. Villa and Zapata: A History of the Mexican Revolution. New York: Carroll and Graf, 2000.Pascual Orozco, Jr. (1882–1915).  Encyclopedia of Latin American History and Culture, Encyclopedia.com, 2019.

Governing global business Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Governing global business - Article Example Galbraith asserts that the classical economy theories were only true in the past millenniums and argues that those were the days when the society lived in poverty. The current civil society has advanced from the poor lifestyle to affluence and as a result, a completely new economic theory has developed. The businesses have developed and they are turning from local to global marketing, most of the business ventures are forced to put in place a frame work of operation that embraces accountability and global recognition otherwise they would greatly degrade their technique. There are many small organisations that have come together to fight for fare trade that would ensure corporate responsibility. Galbraith argues that as the society becomes more affluent, the trends in economic theory should also change towards generating consumer demand artificially. Business ventures have to advertise so as to create that need in their customers and produce commercial goods and services; this has brought about neglect to the public sector (Galbraith & Galbraith 2007). Galbraith asserts that with the wealth around, many people for example Americans may tend to purchase luxurious items while their backyard was polluted and their children attended poorly managed schools. He also argues that the presence of the market alone would under supply or totally fails to provide for a lot of consumer goods to the general public while private commodities would be characteristically over provided due to the advertising process which effectively creates an artificial demand above the individual's fundamental requirements. Galbraith advocates for regulated consumption of certain products by imposing greater consumption taxes with grounds that would be a better form of taxation compared to labour and land taxes. Legislating the corporate responsibility to meet the expectations of multi-national democracy. These regulations need the intervention of bodies like European Union, national governments and other non-governmental organisations. The increasing influence of TNCs on the global market is posing a threat to some governments and small businesses and hence it should be tamed to attain global responsibility (Galbraith & Galbraith 2007). TNC Power and Globalization Most of the trans-national corporations have resulted in abuse of human rights (in terms of salaries and goods) since they have attained sudden domination and unexplained powers over the political and economic scene. The need for decentralized power and the complicated relationship of the regulation and influence that is typical for today's economy pose a challenge to the accountability and responsibility of advertisements and the safeguarding of the human rights (Galbraith & Galbraith 2007). Globalization is the major motivation factor to the emergence of the trans-national corporations and multinational business ventures as the major players in the international stage. Since these corporations have high economic capabilities, they tend to override their ability and operations to influence or manipulate political and ec

Why living in the city is better than living in the country Essay

Why living in the city is better than living in the country - Essay Example Humans are naturally social creatures—we like to enjoy the company of not just our immediate family, but our closest friends. The human race has been this was for centuries as this need for social interaction is in our genetic makeup. Living in the city provides for these social needs because there are always many people around who are willing to have a conversation. Social interaction is good for the emotional side of people because it gives them an outlet to express themselves in front of their peers. On the other hand, many people who live in the countryside often experience feelings of loneliness and isolation because there are very few people around. Additionally, living in the city provides intellectual stimulation as we are constantly surrounded by information. Wherever we go we are bombarded with news items and stories that spark our interest. This is in no way a bad thing because it is like nutrition for our minds—we have to think about the information being presented to us and how to process it. Controversial information may bring about debate, which further stimulates our minds because of the extra thinking power required. Many people who live in the country do not have the same opportunities to be exposed to the same volume of information and thus do not become critical thinkers. Finally, living in a city allows people access to the latest that modern technology has to offer. Technology in the city is generally more advanced than it is in the countryside for the primary reason that there better infrastructure in place to handle modern technological needs. We now live in a world where we almost solely depend on technology to get by in our daily lives. It was not that long ago when the Internet did not really exist—imagine trying to anything without the use of the Internet today. Those who live in the countryside do not have access to the same kinds of technology simply because they live in such remote areas. There are many

Girl with a Pearl Earring Essay Example for Free

Girl with a Pearl Earring Essay In the novel Girl With A Pearl Earring by Tracy Chevalier, Griet faces many challenges which causes her identity to change. Though Griet starts out as an innocent maid who has to follow orders, she starts developing her own opinion and the ability to make decisions. Griet changes from an household servant to having the courage to share her opinion to a mature lady, capable of making her own decisions. Many factors contribute to the change in Griet’s identity, but the main factor is Vermeer, her master. At first, Griet is viewed as an innocent girl, who is compelled to work as an maid due to her father’s incapability to provide for her family. She does not want to leave her family and go to an unknown place, but she has to; in order to fulfill her family’s needs’. This is evident when Griet says to her sister, Agnes, â€Å" ‘You know I don’t want to leave. I have to’†(7). When she arrives at the Vermeer household, she is viewed as a helper with the household chores, and a girl who must follow her master’s orders’. Later on, she starts to consider the Vermeer household as her own family. ’I have two families now, and they must not mix’†(53). This quote demonstrates the fact that Griet is adapting to her environment, and that she has started considering them as her family. This illustrates a change in her identity, as she has changed from a compelled and scared young girl to a maid, capable of adapting to a new environment. Throughout the course of the novel, Griet starts developing her own opinion along with the courage to speak her opinion. At first, she just went along with what she was told: â€Å" ‘But he was my master. I was meant to so as he said’†(57). This demonstrates the fact that Griet completes tasks without thinking. Even if she wants to say something, she doesn’t, because she gives her opinion no importance. Griet always had the ability to recognize Vermeer’s paintings’ strengths and weaknesses, but she didn’t have the courage to say it. This changes, due to Vermeer, who forces Griet to give her opinion. â€Å" ‘It is a better painting now’†(64). This supports Griet’s change in identity, form being too scared to speaking her mind to having the courage to give her opinion to her master. Near the end, Griet’s identity has gone through the process of a young maid to a mature lady. At first, Griet’s opinion held no importance. She does not have a say in anything. This is evident when she says, â€Å" ‘ What would I think, madam? ’†(157). Griet has certainly developed an opinion, but not the courage to speak it in front of others. She is aware of her status as a maid. This changes throughout the course of the novel. Griet does develop the courage to take the decision of her life as well as carry it out. â€Å" ‘I did not pick up the knife. I turned and walked from the room’†(215). This quote illustrates Griet’s ability to make and carry out decisions. She is not going to tolerate any wrong accusations, and she has learned to take a stand for herself. This change occurs due to Vermeer and his art. Somewhere in between, Griet realizes that she has had enough, and she’s not going to let anyone come and accuse her of doing something she didn’t do. Vermeer and his paintings made Griet feel that she does hold importance, and no one has the right to accuse her wrongfully. Therefore, Griet’s identity undergoes a lot of changes throughout the novel. First, she is maid who is duty- bound to work in an unknown place due to her family’s needs’. As the book continues, she starts developing her opinion as well as the ability to say it. In the end, she is a mature lady with the capability to decide for herself. All of the changes are due to Vermeer. He was the one who accepted her and allowed her to give her opinion, and he was also the one who rejected her by silently standing there while Griet was being wrongfully accused.

The Spanish Armada Essay -- Invincible Armada

The Spanish Armada also called the Invincible Armada, and more correctly La Armada Grande. It was a fleet intended to invade England and to put an end to the English aggression against the Spanish Crown. However it was a fatal mistake and after a week’s fighting the Spanish Armada was shattered, this led to the gradual decline in maritime power of Spain. Spanish powers dominated and influence much of the â€Å"known world† during the 16th Century. Spanish leader King Phillip II had reasons to eliminate their arch-rival England. His reasons were to convert the Protestants in England to the Church of Rome and to eliminate one of the major sea-fearing rivals for economic wealth. In 1587, Francis Drake cruised off the coast of Spain and under Elizabeth's wishes; Francis Drake attacked the Spanish shipping, burnt the half-finished and unmanned ships at Cadiz, and did enormous damage to the Spanish navy. King Philip II at last convinced that Spain must invade England in order to dominate the region. But his inefficiency as an organizer was never more evident. Slow, inactive, and not only ignorant of the secret of sea power, but also unwilling to admit that there was any need for advice and direction in sea warfare. He wasted months on making plans of campaign while the building and refitting of the fleet was neglected. Even though the Spaniards of that day were reputed the best soldiers in the world, but in naval maneuvers and in the use of heavy artillery they were very far behind...

Atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Essay

On August 6 1945 the first atomic bomb was dropped on Hiroshima and the second one was dropped at Nagasaki on 9th August 1945. The atomic bomb pelted on Japan was initially intended to force the Germans into submission but after the Germany surrendered, Japan was left as the threat to world peace. (John F. P. 56) The Hiroshima Bomb which was uranium based killed 100,000 Japanese and left several thousands dying slowing as a result of radiation. After three days, another atomic bomb was dropped at Nagasaki city, which left around 50,000 dead (P. M. S, Blackett 70) The justification for these mass killings was that it would end the war faster and thereby making it unnecessary to invade Japan. According to Byres, such an invasion could save a million people and therefore it was desirable. Was the atomic Bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki Genocide Yes indeed it was. My opinion is based on the following premises: First, by August 1945 the Japan military was in a desperate state. The Naval blockade of the Allies had taken away a fleet of ships with military supplies and weapons from Japan military, without these the Japan Military was weak and could not survive for long. (Matin Z. ) According to a detailed opinion survey of the leaders of Japan who survived the atrocities, Japan would have inevitably surrendered probably before November 1945 without the threat of an atomic bomb or even without Russia threatening to join the war against Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 34) Yet the American leaders knew all this information that had been successfully deciphered from the code and messages sent by Japanese military. The American leaders were well aware that Japanese authority had communicated to its Moscow ambassador to start negations for ending the war with the allies and the all-powerful Japanese emptor had indicated intentions of considering peace settlement by June 1945. Even after the American intelligence informed this message to president Truman, he did not change his mind about launching a bomb attack on Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 37) After all the Japanese had only one condition for them to surrender; that is the Emperor who was a holy symbol to the Japanese should remain in power even after the end of the war. This was a small condition for America to sacrifice against the lives and property that lay at stake if a bomb was launched on Japan. (Gar Alperovitz, 38) The statement by President Truman that the world should note that the first bomb was launched on Hiroshima Military base to avoid the killings of civilian was sarcastic since all most all of those killed in the bombings of the two cities were civilian, according to a report by U. S strategic Bombing survey. Both innocent children and women were killed rather than the military personnel, which amounts to the infringement against human rights and a genocide of the highest order. (M. Susan Lindee 13) The destruction of the two cities is condemned not only by Japanese and other outsiders but by high rank military and conservative leaders from America itself as well. Former president Herbert Hoover himself wrote that the indiscriminate killing of young children and women â€Å"revolted his soul†. Former President Eisenhower had even advised the secretary of war against using an atomic bomb on Japan during a certain meeting. These and many more leaders as well as civilian Americans have continued to criticize the action taken by General Grove and are on the view that that the military attack was unnecessary and exaggerated. (Matin Z. ) An ambitious and domineering Admiral Purnell who suggested that it would take two bombs to coerce the Japanese to surrender by and large carried out the idea of a second atomic bomb being dropped on Nagasaki. Grove was well aware that two atomic bombs were in the making and saw good opportunity to actualize his own schemes. The decision to drop a second bomb at Nagasaki was not even made in Washington but it was made on Tinian Island. Grove was in an unusual hurry to make sure that the second atomic bomb was dropped before anybody else could decide otherwise. http://www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html Moreover, the second bomb primary target was Kokura but when the attack plane arrived there, the city was covered by a mass of cloud. Instead of the pilot turning back, and aborting the mission, they still went ahead and decided to attack Nagasaki, a town that was highly populated with civilians. http://www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html There are also well-supported views that Hiroshima bombing was a test. The bomb dropped there had been uranium, which had never been tested before. It was quite inhuman and high level of barbarism that the test was to be done at the expense of many lives. (Matin Z. ) American planes also distributed thousands of leaflets alerting the Japanese that unless they surrendered unconditionally the towns of Akita, Fukushima, Urawa, Iwakumi, Yawata Miyakorojo, Otaru, Imabaru and Saga,would be attacked by bombs. However these leaflets did not mention Hiroshima, Nagasaki, Nugata and Kokura. (Matin Z) So it is clearly evident that the American leaders who were responsible for attack did not intend to forewarn the civilians so that they could evacuate before the time of attack. The killings that resulted are not only high abuse of human rights against innocent civilians but also a cowardly act against a subdued enemy. (Matin Z. ) Both innocent women and children were not spared by this obliteration of Hiroshima and Nagasaki. (M. Susan Lindee 13). In fact the Manhattan scientists who were working on the bomb were shocked when they were later informed that Japan had always been the target and not a deterrent to the German invasion. (M. Susan Lindee 13) The Military policy committee chaired by General Grove realized that Japan was a more convenient target for the bomb than Germany. This means that the bombing of Japan was not so much as a result of their aggressive activities but because they were convenient targets of testing some newly acquired weapons! (Martin J. S. 234) Furthermore Americans wanted to take control of Japan before Russia could control it. The Russians leaders had planned to invade Japan on 8 August 1945. So the coincidental bombing of Hiroshima two days before the planned date when Russia intended to invade Japan was suspicious. There is a wide specification that America attacked Japan to gain its control before Russia could achieve the same. However the intention of the second bomb that was pelted on Nagasaki is not very clear. (Matin Z. ) However President Truman cannot be blamed so much for the bomb attack on the two cities when he took over in April 12, 1945 after Roosevelt’s death, General Grove made it appear to President Truman as if Japan was always the Target for the bombs. http://www. dannen. com/decision/hst-jl25. html Grove was reluctant to discuss about the Manhattan Project with the chief of staff since he knew that he was opposed to the bombing of Japan. The General Marshal was of the view that the bomb could be used against military targets such as Naval establishments but not on cities. However General Grove overlooked all these well meaning advices to fulfill his self interest at the cost of hundred thousands of Japanese lives and a lot of property. (Matin Z. ) Conclusion The past cannot be erased but can serve as invaluable lesson and prepare us for the future. Even though the bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki speeded up Japans decision to stop the war, it was not the major consideration that the Japanese leaders used. Therefore the use of the atomic bomb was excessive act since other strategies could have worked to coerce Japan to stop the war. After all, the Japanese were ready to surrender on condition that their emperor would still remain in authority. The bombings of Japan cities were not only immoral but they were a crime and genocide to the full extent. Works Cited Harry S.Truman, Diary, July 25, 1945: Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http://www. dannen. com/decision/hst-jl25. html Gar Alperovitz: The Decision to Use the Atomic Bomb: Random House, 1995. 34-38 Hogan, Michael J. : Hiroshima in History and Memory. Cambridge University Press: 1996 M. Susan Lindee: Suffering Made Real: American Science and the Survivors at Hiroshima. University Of Chicago Press (1994) 12-14 Matin Zuberi: Atomic Bombing Of Hiroshima and Nagasaki (Journal): Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http://www. ciaonet. org/olj/sa/sa_aug01zum01. html Martin J. Sherwin: A World Destroyed: Hiroshima and its Legacies, 2nd edition, Stanford University Press, (2003) 233-234. Official Bombing Order, July 25, 1945: Retrieved on 9th April 2008 from http://www. dannen. com/decision/handy. html Ogura, Toyofumi: Letters from the End of the World: A Firsthand Account of the Bombing of Hiroshima. Kodansha International Ltd 1948. P. M. S, Blackett: The Atomic Bomb: New York: Holt, Rinehart & Winston, 1976. (66-70) John Francis Purcell, Best-Kept Secret: The Story of the Atomic Bomb. New York: Vanguard, 1963. 56-57

The Renaissance as a Distinct Period of Time

The Renaissance as a Distinct Period of Time The Middle Ages was a time in history where everyone was faithful to religion as well as others. Also, in the Middle Ages, people were encouraged to always try their best; they were encouraged to fight for the highest achievement possible and to never give up. The Renaissance, however, was more focused on becoming matured and finding a way to be successful at everything one does. During this era, people fought to become all-sided men, also known as; renaissance men.This means they are not only successful in one type of art but in all types of art, as well as math, science, and literature. The Renaissance was a distinct period in time that was separated from the Middle Ages and began a new era. The writers and thinkers of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries believed that they took part in a completely different era than the Middle Ages. They believed that they were part of a more modern and current era known as the Renaissance. These peop le considered the Renaissance to be a new beginning of the Middle Ages (Ferguson Doc. 1).Renaissance means †rebirth† in french, which means is a whole new period of time. The art and literature of the Renaissance offered a â€Å"rebirth† of hope, and interest in life and how it was represented. During the Renaissance, religion was seen through a new perspective, the renaissance men found the scientific answers that were against the church heresies. Kepler, an astronomer, used observation and mathematics to prove his thesis. He did not accept what he was told by the church or the ancients. Instead, he proved his theories (Document 7). People were expanding their horizons, art and science was in full splendor.The philosophy of humanism also came about. The middle ages areknown for being limited in their artistic ideas because humans weren't supposed to practice many hobbies of the flesh. The renaissance men wanted to be unique, to stand out, to be different and make an impression on others. Da Vinci, a complex man of the renaissance was interested in anatomy and the realistic portrayal of the human body. He was the ideal man of the renaissance due to his many talents and interests (document 6). During the renaissance, protestantism came about and their churches were much more simplistic.Although catholic and orthodox churches were still stereotypically adorned heavily. The renaissance men were interested and concerned with things of this world, unlike believers, and leaders of the church, who were concerned about heaven. Burchhardt identified a difference between the medieval man, who was controlled by faith throughout his life, and the renaissance man, who fought for the highest individual development (Document 2). The beginning of the Renaissance in the mid-fourteenth century was marked by a turn from medieval life and values dominated by the Church toward the philosophical principles of humanism.The Renaissance was a distinct period in time that was separated from the Middle Ages and began a new era. It was during this time that literacy started to become more widespread and that art really started to take form. Paintings became more realistic, and elements created by the Greeks and the Romans were brought back into paintings; society began to organize itself in a similar way to how it works today. Knowledge and writings that were common to the Greeks and Romans that had lost their importance to the Europeans during the Middle Ages were restored in the Renaissance.

Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry

Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry Introduction Leisure sector is one of the highly developing now as living in the modern world, many people spend too much time at work and when it comes to leisure they are unable to understand what they want to do.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Planning leisure time and helping people understand what they want to do is a complicated process as tastes differ. Moreover, the work with people is always complicated. Travel agents are people who spend their time on organizing vacation for those who are busy and when it comes to journey they prefer to use the services of the professionals. Travel agents are not just people who offer the country to travel and the hotel, travel agents are those who organize all the sides and details of the trip doing all possible that a client should worry about nothing. The responsibilities of travel agents Travel agents are responsible for making sure that their clients are satisfied with the received services. To guarantee such effect, travel agents have to perform a number of activities. First of all, one of the main responsibilities of a travel agent is to create a tour package. This is a number of services which include all the necessary items while traveling. Buying a tour package, a client should just pack his/her things and get to the airport. All other services should be included in the tour package. Transportation, transfer, accommodation, excursions and other services are usually included in the tour packages. In most cases travel agents sell the tour packages which were created many years ago and tourists constantly go there. However, there may be cases when some clients want something unique, or the tour package has become out of date. In this case travel agents are responsible for developing an absolutely new tour package. This work is rather hard and time consuming as in most c ases the development of a new tour requires the travel to the new place, search for interesting attractions and trying to make sure that the quality of the services and their price are balanced.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Additionally, travel agents are responsible for promoting and marketing their business, making financial and statistical records to calculate the income rate and budgeting for the future projects, dealing with customer and doing all possible to meet their expectations. The profession of a travel agent is a complicated as working with people, all travel agents should possess the knowledge of psychology trying to predict the desires of clients, to make agreements with travel partners such as airlines and hotels, to organize bookings and schedules which may be completed for one year in advance. The value of travel agents in the contemporary world The value of travel agents in the modern world cannot be overestimated. Many people got used to luxury and comfort and selecting the service which is going to organize their leisure such people want to have the best. Most of businessmen are not going to search on the Internet trying to understand what place they want to visit, which hotel they will use and what documents they are to gather to get a visa. Travel agents are created for such cases. This profession requires from people high education, creativity, knowledge of psychology and the ability to work with people. Travel agents should know the range of the services they provide and the countries they may offer to the clients. Being too busy, many people are unable to think about the place they want to visit, therefore, it is the responsibility of a travel agent to offer the places which may be interesting for a client on the sum of money he/she can spend. Travel agents are like the wedding organizers or the office manage rs in the company. Their services may be performed by people themselves, but due to the sharing of responsibilities, tough schedule and much work, many people prefer to shift their responsibilities to others making all possible to get the highest profit from this.Advertising We will write a custom assessment sample on Travel Agent in the Leisure Industry specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More What motivates travel agents in the leisure sector? Travel agents are highly motivated people in the leisure sector. Being able to create the unique services, these people may get more money. If to imagine the modern tourism, it becomes obvious that most of the popular places are always abound with people. However, there is a group of people who want to have a rest in the places where they will not meet to many tourists. Such services are unique as a travel agent will have to create the tour package with well not be used by the masses. The unique serv ices cost more in all spheres, therefore, the financial part is the fist motive. The ability to work with people and to satisfy their needs is another factor. The observation of the personal success, the opportunity to see that you managed to help another person with the choice, to see the grateful eyes is also important. Work with people is a complicated affair which is also pleasant. One more factor which motivated travel agents in the leisure sector is the opportunity to see the world. When travel agents develop a new tour they have to visit this new place. Moreover, there may be the necessity to visit the already existing tours to make sure all the services are completed properly. The challenges of managing travel agents It is rather difficult to manage travel agents in the modern competing world. The competition is so high that it becomes hard to sell the product and to develop a new tour package. Travel agents should be familiar with marketing sphere as to sell the product, it should be correctly advertised. The reduction of the prices is not really effective with some category of people, however it still remains the main marketing aspect. Most travel agents are creative people who may have complexities with documentation. Moreover, there are different problems with selling the booked services. If travel agents are unable to sell those, the company may lose great sum of money. The seasonal changes also affect the travel agents who should search for the ways to sell the product at any place, price and quality. Managing travel agents one should understand the peculiarity of work of these people as only in this case travel agents will be able to be cope with their work effectively.Advertising Looking for assessment on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Sharing of the responsibilities is one more issue which should be considered by the managers as travel agents should work in agreement, without allowing many people develop the same tour package. Succession planning for travel agents in the leisure sector Travel agents should carefully plan succession in their sector to make sure that the further agents will be informed about the work which has already been done. It is important to have good archive where the data about the tour packages with the statistical data about the most successful and interesting ones is gathered. Travel agents should also care about the list of the clients who use their services every year with the concise data about all the travels of the client with the reflection. The information is one of the main aspects in travel agent’s work, therefore, sharing the data, agents should make sure that the next travel agent will use the collected information appropriately. Modern technologies and the development of software allow travel agents gather al the necessary information and keep it in computers. Special software programs devoted to booking places and composing the tour packages are able to save the information about clients and their desire. Planning in travel agency department is important as in another sector of leisure industry. Good planning brings much profit and the successful succession planning for travel agents in the leisure sector adds to the reputation of the agency indirectly and improves its image. People will return to the agency and will tell their friends about it if they are satisfied with the services. The importance of travel agents in visitor attraction operations The place of the travel agents in the visitor attraction operations is high as planning the trips and developing the tour packages, travel agents should pay attention to entertainment. Most of the hotels have simplest attractions, animators and other services which may help people enjoy their vacation s. In case the hotel does not have enough attractions and services for entertaining, travel agents should search for the nearest places where tourists may go. Travel agents are to spend much time on selecting the most appropriate place as the services tourists get there will be reflected on the image of the travel agency. The reputation of the place of entertainment should be appropriate. Thus, agents play important role in the development of the places of attraction in the recreations. Travel agents are to check the place before sending tourists there, that is why the taste and the creative thinking of these people is the main factor in developing the entertainment program. Moreover, the places of interest tourists are to visit also depend on the informative nature of travel agents. A good travel agent will always offer a good program for their clients and point on the most exciting attractions. Conclusion Therefore, it should be concluded that the profession of a travel agent is i mportant. Being too busy, people are unable to waste their time on planning their trips. Many working people do not have enough time to have a rest, therefore, when people are about to go for a trip, they prefer to use the services of those who are can professionally organize their vacation. In many cases, travel agents care about everything, document, visas, transfer, hotel and excursions to make sure that a client is satisfied. The variety of places and services help travel agents work with people of different income and social status. The profession of a travel agent is creative and interesting as composing the tour packages agents are to use their imagination to make sure that the work they perform is going to be in a demand.

King Philip VI of France

King Philip VI of France King Philip VI  was also known as: in French,  Philippe de Valois King Philip VI was known for: Being  the first French king of the Valois dynasty. His reign saw the beginning of the Hundred Years War and the arrival of the Black Death. Occupations: King Places of Residence and Influence: France Important Dates: Born:  1293Crowned:  May 27, 1328Died:  , 1350 About King Philip VI: Philip was a cousin to kings: Louis X, Philip V, and Charles IV were the last of the direct line of Capetian kings. When Charles IV died in 1328, Philip became regent until Charles widow gave birth to what was expected to be the next king. The child was female and, Philip claimed, was therefore ineligible to rule under Salic Law. The only other male claimaint was Englands Edward III, whose mother was the late kings sister and who, due to the same restrictions of Salic Law regarding females, was also barred from succession. So, in May of 1328, Philip of Valois became King Philip VI of France. In August of that year, the count of Flanders appealed to Philip for help in putting down a revolt. The king responded by sending his knights to slaughter thousands at the Battle of Cassel. Not long after that, Robert of Artois, who had helped Philip secure the crown, claimed the countship of Artois; but a royal claimant did so, as well. Philip instituted judicial proceedings against Robert, turning his one-time supporter into a bitter enemy. It wasnt until 1334 that trouble began with England. Edward III, who didnt particularly like paying homage to Philip for his holdings in France, decided to flout Philips interpretation of Salic Law and lay claim to the French crown through his mothers line. (Edward was most likely spurred on in his animosity toward Philip by Robert of Artois.) In 1337 Edward landed on French soil, and what would later be known as the Hundred Years War began. In order to wage war Philip had to raise taxes, and in order to raise taxes he had to make concessions to the nobility, the clergy, and the bourgeoisie. This resulted in the rise of the estates and the beginning of a reform movement in the clergy. Philip also had difficulties with his council, many of whom were under the influence of the powerful Duke of Burgundy. The arrival of plague in 1348 pushed many of these problems to the background, but they were still there (along with the plague) when Philip died in 1350. More King Philip VI Resources: King Philip VI on the Web Philip VIConcise intro at Infoplease.Philippe VI de Valois (1293-1349)Very brief bio at the official website of France. The Hundred Years War Chronological Index Geographical Index Index by Profession, Achievement, or Role in Society The text of this document is copyright  ©2005-2015 Melissa Snell. You may download or print this document for personal or school use, as long as the URL below is included. Permission is not granted to reproduce this document on another website. For publication permission, please   contact  Melissa Snell. The URL for this document is:http://historymedren.about.com/od/pwho/fl/King-Philip-VI-of-France.htm

Healthcare Industry Overview Grid Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthcare Industry Overview Grid - Essay Example If it looks as if there is a market big enough to make a profitable product, the product is unique in the market and the product can be protected (via patenting or some other means) then businesses are commonly encouraged to dive into the expensive product development phase. Pharmaceutical/ Drug Industry is mainly responsible for developing, producing and marketing drugs that have been approved by the health authorities or governing agencies McGuire et.al, 2007) These drugs are mainly intended for medicinal purposes. Pharmaceutical companies can sell generic or branded medications. However, distribution and selling of such medicines are subject to variety of laws since there are issues regarding patenting, testing and marketing of drugs. The government is very strict in monitoring the pharmaceutical industry since the health of the general public is at stake. Health care personnel can be employed by pharmaceutical companies as medical technologists, chemists, or researchers. Usually, medical and sales representatives are also needed by this industry. Biotechnology researchers are in demand in this industry as well as laboratory assistants. Health Information Systems falls under the category of Health Informatics. It is a multi-disciplinary approach wherein computer science is integrated in health care services. A good health information system integrates â€Å"administrative files, enrollment files, clinical information, surveys and other data† (McGlynn,1998). Companies that offer Health Information Systems provide software services as well as database systems that can help health professionals make accurate decisions about patients. Some of the services provided by HIS are Health Information Management, dictation and transcription, document management and imaging, case management, revenue cycle management, and performance improvement. Health Information Systems

Video games Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Video games - Essay Example Video games can include profanity, criminal behavior, drug use, sexual themes, and graphic violence. Under U.S. law video games containing profanity, criminal behavior, drug use, sexual themes, and graphic violence are marked under the game rating label as MA, along with a V for violence and other appropriate warning labels. Specific games, like Grand Theft Auto, Doom, EverQuest, Need for Speed, and other popular titles promote the adverse behavior mentioned above. All of these titles are rated MA. Despite the mature rating children, teenagers, and adults make these titles best sellers. This can lead to the conclusion that video games including profanity, criminal behavior, drug use, sexual themes, and graphic violence are preferred by the public. The first example of video violence influencing real violence is the Columbine Massacre. On 20 April 1999, Eric Harris and Dylan Klebold arrived at Columbine High School, outside of Denver (Larkin, 1). Armed with an elaborate plan, bombs, and guns, the two shooters entered the school. In forty-five minutes, Harris and Klebold killed twelve students and one teacher. Twenty-four more students were wounded. After the forty-five minute rampage, Harris and Klebold committed suicide (Larkin, 8). The Columbine Massacre was one of the bloodiest school shootings in U.S. history. Before the Columbine Massacre, Harris and Klebold both played an online game called Doom (Larkin, 129). Doom is a first person shooting game for the computer platform. Doom can also be played online against other gamers. Harris even wrote levels of Doom. Manipulating Doom characters into violent scenarios was one of Harris’ hobbies (Larking, 130). The two boys bonded while playing this violent game. Harris even invented a Doom level that resembled Columbine High School. Many were quick to blame the Doom game for the violent attack. The violent video game,

Lecture 5 Summary Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Lecture 5 Summary - Assignment Example Communists had already exerted their rule over other countries in the past year that is why Hitler feared that Germany could be taken over especially during the Great depression. Hitler believed that foe Germany to become a super power; they needed to expand their borders into other countries. They concentrated mostly on the East for expansion. Hitler also wanted to overturn a peace treaty that ended the First World War. Hitler concentrated on Germany to become a superpower. Hitler felt that he was good enough to focus on his foreign policy in 1934. Hitler and his army moved to western Germany in 1936. It was hard to overthrow Hitler because his army was faithful to him and he had contributed to Germany’s economic growth. His subjects believed that he was the best leader to bring Germany to the status that it required. Germany formed an alliance with Italy because both were unhappy with the results of World War 1. They wanted to come up with a new world order to oppose the existing international order. Hitler wished to make a strong Germany state in central Europe to combine Austria to the south and Germany to the north. Hitler was a great winner in the theme of foreign policy that was applied in 1930s. Germany invaded other countries like Czech Slovakia that did not have Germans. Hitler’s foreign policy and inversion to other countries led to World War

The Position Of Tesco In The Grocery Industry

The Position Of Tesco In The Grocery Industry The humble beginning of this grocery company started in 1919, and the name Tesco appeared first at the top of a shop at Edgware in 1929. This company has been growing in size and complexities ever since. The company is today the Britains leading retailer and the 3rd largest retailer in the world.(Guardian 2010) Presently, Tesco has more than 4,300 grocers, which now operate in 14 countries: South Korea, Malaysia, Japan, China, Republic of Ireland, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Turkey and Poland, Thailand, Asia, India and US. They have over 2,329 stores overseas and are still growing. The company is good at buying and selling. The company invest in what matters to people, and that is the major thing that propels Tesco progress. This progress bestowed on The Present Chief Executive Terry Leahy who has contributed immensely to the growth of the company and that is why he has spent 13 years in the position he is still maintaining that. This is evidenced by the launch of the Loyalty Scheme club card and Tesco.com, internet home shopping service etc. The company passed through the global recession and yet grew stronger than it was by recording a 10% increase in profit to a mighty  £3.4 billion at April 2010. 1.1 Environmental Analysis of Tesco (PEST) The environmental analysis of Tesco will help one understand what is happening both at the inside and outside of Tesco, and to increase the probability that the organisational strategies will appropriately reflect Tescos environment. The strategy of Tesco should be directed at exploiting the environmental opportunities and to block environmental threats in a way that is consistent with the internal capabilities (Robson, 1997). Although Tesco is waxing stronger and was able to declare 10% increase in profit in spite of the recession, the analysis is still important as to determine what might affect it in the future. Environmental analysis of a company should be continuous and feed all aspects of planning. Political Factors Presently, there is no huge recognisable factor affecting Tesco. However, the winner of the fourth coming election is still unknown. Speculations have it that the Labour might loose out for the conservatives. The new government coming in might bring in a lot of unfavourable or favourable laws and policies for the UK grocery industry and other industries as well. Economic Factors The scourge of global recession that hit around 2008, this affected a lot of sectors globally. It could rather be said that Tesco withstood it by improving on there strategy, by changing there prices to suite every classes of individuals without compromising the quality. This is evidenced by 10% increment in profit they declared this year, making over 3.4 billion this year. The chairman as at last year that I am pleased to report that despite the extra ordinary economic environment we find ourselves in, Tesco has once again delivered a good set of results. This demonstrates that Tesco is coping with the down town. Despite the challenging conditions around the globe we have remained resilient and are growing as fast as any major international retailer. (Tesco 2009). After the declaration of the huge 2010 profit, Terry Leahy declared the retailer stronger than it was before the recession. (Guardian 2010).Tesco used its strategy to beat the economic recession. So the economy had no nega tive e effect on Tesco. The spending power of people could equally affect groceries. The economic crunch has made quite a number of people change the way and manner at which they buy things. For instance, because of this economic crisis, a lot of people prefer to buy ingredient and cook because they see it cheaper to do so. Inflation is another powerful factor that could affect the grocery market. This is an incessant increase in the price of items and services, leading to a drop in the currencies purchasing power. Ta However, Economists believe that supply of money is the key factor of inflation.(Economy Watch 2010). Socio-cultural Factor Lifestyle, healthy and fresh produce, immigrants and produce lines.The behaviour of humans also matters in this business. Most customers prefer buying the Tesco branded products. They prefer they go for the fresh products. Tesco are sensitive to read people and know what they need with the club cards. The peoples religion might affect the way they buy things, they might declare fasting within a location it could be mostly in there international locations, and it will reduce the number of sales within such periods. So Tesco take time to consider these as it affects the business. The population of inhabitants and the kind of life they live and the class of people within an area affects a business. Technological Factor Technology is another key thing that contributes to Tescos success is the introduction of Tesco club card. This has helped Tesco in reading and knowing the need of over 16 million of there club card holders in the UK and over 400 million globally. They know what you need and they provide them, which is one of there key success factors. The implementation of Information technology has contributed towards the efficient management of inventories logistics and ware housing which helps in bringing the cost down. Automatic tills, their online operations, electronic supply chain management etc Industry Analysis UK grocery industry is a highly contributor towards UK economy, as buyers are in need everyday and people must satisfy their needs everyday. The buyers in the UK are equally very big because grocery/retail industry is a must in our everyday lives. There are a number of grocers in the UK: Tesco, Morrison, Asda, wal-mart, Sainsburys, Co-op, Iceland, Waitrose, MS, Netto, Farmfoods, Aldi, and Somerfield etc There are the major player in the industry which include Tesco , Sainsbury, Morrison, Iceland, Asda Wal-Mart, MS. The Grocery industry could be examined properly by adopting the Michael porters five forces. Which include the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, and threat of new entrants, Threats of substitutes and Rivalry among competitors? 2.1 Porter Five Forces: Tesco The bargaining power of supplier in this industry matters, the key player in the industry now is Tesco and there are others like Sainsburys, Iceland, Morrisons but Tesco is just the giant, in the UK grocery industry. They made a profit of  £3.4 billion this year 2010 despite the scourge of the economic down turn. Tesco as a competitor buy in a very large scale because they have over 2000 stores in the UK and about 2300 stores across the UK. They have a wider market share, and they have a very high advantage over there suppliers. This is critical success factor that Tesco picks on to keep on dominating in the industry. They could even fix prices for their suppliers. What then could be the fate of other competitors in the system? MS is great going by that brand name the company has. It is a nice advantage. Asda Wal-Mart is equally waxing well in the industry after it was acquired by Wal-Mart in 1999.They get there supplies within and outside of UK. Sainsburys adopted other means to beat the market, they grow there own organic products even their meat in order to grow and maintain stands in the market. They do this in collaboration with the farmers. The same applies to Morrisons and Iceland. They use other measures to get supplies, and they do not depend on a particular source of supplies. (Guardian 2010) Bargaining power of buyers in this industry is not so significant yet it matters in the sense that even though prices are fixed and the consumers (buyer) can not bargain, they can check in other outlets. In that case they will not buy the product. The availability of various grocers at a place will make prices drop more. Though the price drop down may not be in the favour of the competitors. It is beneficial to consumers, and not the buyers. For instance, Tesco as a top grocer, with over 2000 locations in UK and still expanding, have a higher market share, they have a higher supply advantage ,consumers will not have bargaining power over them, as they have already brought down their prices and have numerous locations scattered all over the city. This is most likely to be affecting other key players in the industry. New Entrant coming into the industry will easily start because of the large market share of the grocery industry but will rather find it very difficult to penetrate the market and beat the already existing competitors especially the giant like Tesco. The grocery environment in the UK could be seen as oligopolistic one. The major grocers in the UK are few and the market share for this industry is large. Yet it would be difficult for a new firm to spring up or rather the younger firms to rise, except for a bigger firm to acquire an existing one. Just like Wal-Mart acquired Asda in 1999. ( ASDA 2010). It is because of the high rate of competition in the industry, and most other grocers like Sainsburys, Morrisons, Iceland, and MS were adopted growth strategies, and where increasing there location most especially Tescos. The Grocers in the industry has diversified and they do a umber of different product ranging from home use products, electronics, technologies, automobile, etc. This is a strategy for them to survive in the industry. In this industry, threat of substitute does not really take so much effect; this is mostly all about food. Buying a product here is almost the same in the other shop. For instance buying a digestive biscuit in Tesco, you go to another shop to buy digestive of different brand, it does not make much effect because they are all biscuits. They do not deal on one item; they deal on a variety of items. So, one can not substitute tens of thousands of item, when a normal grocer does ten brand of same item or product. However, where threat could be envisaged is at, may be the health/hygiene product. For example, the government has publicized to encourage healthy eating. It recommends eating 5 a day it has been noted by many other food retailers, who now label their foods with in depth nutritional information. The degree of rivalry in the grocery industry in the UK is very high. Highly perishable items are part of the contributor of the rivalry in the industry. Tesco is indeed an extremely powerful economic force in the in the industry. They are growing every now and then. They have the highest number of branches in the UK; UK is their biggest market when compared to other locations outside the UK. This is evidenced by the huge profit of  £3.4 billion profit they recorded this 2010. It is a 10% increment in profit when compared to last years profit. It is today beloved that in every  £10 spent on grocery in the UK, Tescos account for  £3. Tesco occupy about 2/3 of the grocery market in the UK. Presently they are rated the 3rd retailer in the world. In addition to the degree of rivalry, this report will explain the competitors analysis that has been taken place in this industry (Quick MBA 2007). (remember to affix in text reference in the industry analysis where necessary) 3.0 Competitor Analysis for Tesco Porters five forces will be a better tool for accessing the stand point of Tesco in the grocery industry. These include the bargaining power of suppliers, the bargaining power of buyers, the threat of new entrant, threat of substitute and the degree of rivalry. The bargaining power of suppliers towards Tesco is very low, as Tesco is such a very large grocer. They have over 2000 stores within the UK only and 4300 stores in general, so as such they buy in a larger quantity far greater than its competitor. Going by this bulky purchase, the suppliers seem to be at their mercy because of their high demand of products. They tell the suppliers what to sell and they stick to that. Considering the huge profit they declared this year 2010, inspite of the economic downturn, the strategy they adopted was that they have envisaged the change in the behaviour of people, and they changed strategy by doing more discount, price ranging for various classes of people, whilst maintaining its quality, and doing more promotions. They tell the supplier what they will buy; they have no choice than to succumb to it. More so Tesco produce most of their foods and meat by employing or hiring people. (Tesco 2010). The bargaining power of buyers towards Tesco is obviously very poor. This report suggests that there is no power Tesco buyers have at all. Tesco is absolutely in charge. Tesco wields so much power in the grocery business and they have brought their prices so low to match different classes of people in the society. More over their prices are fixed already. They provide promo for their customers and issue free club cards that grants you point in any item you purchase that is above a pound. At the end they use it to calculate the points and read what your likes and shopping behaviour. With this, they give offers to its customers. So, Tesco always have their focus on its customers. (Guardian 2010). Threat of new entrant is never an issue to Tesco PLC because of their strengths, which include but are not limited to their brand name, the large number of their locations, The higher number of their staff, their chain business, The high power they have over their suppliers and buyer and so on. However, a new entrant can come as an existing world class retailer to acquire or merge with another top retailer that is the only way they could penetrate. Though even at that, it is still very difficult to beat Tesco most especially in the UK as it is evidenced in the 2010 Tescos strategic intent;to develop retailing services, maintain strong core UK business and be as strong as non-food, as in food. (Tesco 2010) Threat of new substitute could not be seen much in a high degree when it comes to Tesco and grocery industry at large. Tesco sell their branded food as well as other products from various brand. So any substitute that is food, every tendency is their for Tesco to sell it. Another thing is that because of their high bargaining power, they could buy over a producer and that product will be done in the name of Tesco. Nevertheless, the switching cost for customers could be easy, but it could be hindered by proximity barrier because before he could walk for 5 to 10 minutes, he will see another Tesco shop instead of others. One can not because of one item and travel so far. Tesco has withstood the threats of Rivalry in the grocery industry through a number of ways, these include: The long years of consistence and care towards its customers, Their high bargaining power, The loyalty they have built vis-à  -vis their customers, Their high network of branches, their technologies, chains of other businesses, high performance all year round, they where able to make huge profits this year 2010. 10% increment against what they made last year in spite of the global down turn.(Tesco 2010). It is also believed presently that out of every  £10 spent on food here in the UK, Tesco accounts for  £3 pounds Guardian 2010). More so, Tesco keeps on bringing in more and more strategies that will make them be the no.1 in the world as they hope to be as strong in non food as in food, an international retailer, Maintain a strong core UK business, develop retailing services and put community at the heart of what they do. The competition is there, but Tesco has a core competency in the grocery industry. They wield much power. (Tesco is in the star position of the BCG Matrix. They have a high market growth rate and a high market share. Their 2010 revenue is  £62.54 billion while the 2010 operational income is  £3.41 billion i.e. 10% increment against 2009). 4.0 Portfolio Analysis This could be seen as the collection of a business and product that make up the company. The best business portfolio is the one that match the companys strengths and help bring out the attractive opportunities. The two better best known portfolio planning methods are the BCG matrix and the McKinsey / General Electric Matrix. In GE Matrix, market attractiveness replaced market growth of BCG as the dimension of the industry attractiveness and includes other range of factors other than the Market growth rate. Secondly, competitive strength replaces market share as the dimension by which the competitive position of each SBU is assessed. (Tutor2u 2010) Market Growth Rate of Tesco Tesco is a great force in the grocery market. The major strengths of Tesco is: they have their focus on customers at all times, Like the MD would ask what do you need. They believe that when you look after your customers, everything else will look after itself. Yes other companies are as focused as Tescos, but size of the company is a great strength. Having more locations means selling more, cause most shoppers goes to the nearest shop to buy. The more locations for Tesco brings about selling more, and selling more brings about better buying terms ,and which brings about lower pricing and or higher profit margin. The lower prices then bring in higher sales volume. Tesco has made itself classless with price ranges formed to cater across the board.(Guardian 2010). In summary, Tescos focus on customers; their numerous stores scattered all over and their classless pricing is the major strength that brings about the market growth. They declare huge profits at all year. In spite of the recession, Tesco declared  £3.41 billion profit this April 2010 i.e. a 10% increment in profit as against 2009 financial report. However, the people have a high demand for Tesco products majorly because its close to them and because they sell cheaper and general items, you must need in one or two ways. They have a very high bargaining power over their suppliers and buyers. Their market growth rate is indeed very high. Market Share of Tesco The club card which rewards customers is a good contributor to Tescos success. There is a research group called dunhumby co owned by Tesco, they analyse the 16 million cards and study the buying habits of there shoppers and tailor offers to them. This factor contributes to their high market share. Tesco has existed for 91 years, and as such they multiply in size and complexity as the year goes bye. This has given rise to so many loyalists to the company. The various promo they arrange for their shoppers from time to time especially at this recession, helps build up Tescos market share. Tesco today has the highest market share in the grocery industry in the UK. 5.0 SWOT Analysis for Tesco (Explain a brief about swot) Strengths of Tesco The strengths are those things that propel the steady growth of Tesco. Usually, they are positive things .It could be by way of action of the company, process, or service. These include: the introduction of Tesco club card which not only makes them no the no. Of their dedicated customers, but helps in offer to their customers. Tesco have a very high reputation in the grocery market and as such that makes their market share so high. The technologies Tesco have are an added advantage to them and they try to improve on it everyday. The own label ranges e.g. Tesco finest; Their range of store format e.g. Tesco express convenience stores, Tesco metro stores which can be found on high street and in city centres, Tesco super stores and Tesco extra-Hypermarket. they have They have a very powerful supplier relations ion. The scattered locations they have is an added advantage, their strengths is very high and they beat their rivals in the industry, They have over 2300 locations outside the co untry and still expanding. This adds to their market share globally. They have got a good distribution chain; Tesco has a very strong brand. Their online services is an advantage as well, they offer high quality items to people. Most of the other grocers in the UK does not have their own research company, but Tesco does and has contributed towards Tesco growth, especially in the area of Tesco club card. Above all, it is pertinent to note that Tesco withstands every force that may likely affect their grocery business. Weaknesses This could be seen as things that could or makes Tesco not to meet their objectives. This weakness could also be seen as those elements that hampers the growth and development of Tesco. Though that there is no recognisable weakness of Tesco because of their core competency and team player spirit they posses. One recognisable weakness this report may suggest is that they need to improve on their market, they have not yet fully covered the whole of UK; they do not provide fresh fruits in Tesco, especially at Tesco Express. They have not gained full dominance in the world when it comes to retails. Opportunities These are those external things that could improve the Tesco more. Some of the opportunities of Tesco include: Tescos objective to open a Tesco cash and carry shop at India is an opportunity for them to explore. Tesco plans to open bank this year 2010,They hope to create more employment this year by recruiting about 9000 employees more. Some of the other grocer is not doing well at the moment, so that could be an opportunity for them to acquire them. Threats Threats of Tesco are those factors that are beyond the control of Tesco, and they are likely to jeopardize the company. Some of these threats include: The daisy nature of area of investment or diversification could pose a threat due to unforeseen events. Grocers could start to reduce price even to a break-even point. There could be Likely tendency of 2 or more mergers to form a more formidable player in the industry to compete with Tesco, unforeseen inflation could pose a threat to Tescos Strategy and the value rate of GBP is dropped gradually in recent times. 6.0 Vision Providing value, care and satisfaction to its customers and its people; through collaborative efforts. 6.1 Mission To maintain a strong core local and international business by creating value for customers to earn their lifetime loyalty. 6.2 Objectives of Tesco This report states that the objectives of Tesco are: providing customers with quality items that goes in commensuration with their money value; offering progressive returns on investment for their shareholders, improving on technology and investing on efficient stores and distribution depot for profit maximisation. Build a long term rapport with the suppliers so as to gain a lasting relationship based on price and quality level; help in protecting the environment; focusing on the community and catering for them, through the provision of customers needs based on steady soughting of their opinion on the aspect of quality, pricing, innovation, technology and other aspects whilst acting on them; awarding all its staff an equal opportunity , by giving them good training and proper management practices; contributing in the National Food Industry Policy, in the area of food hygiene, health safety and nutrition. 6.3 Measures Some of the things Tesco should adopt in order to achieve there objectives is to continue with low price and promos because people has not fully recovered from the recession, in addition, they should also continue to increase their locations because their are some places that Tesco needs to establish in. Doing this could go a great length to be building more and more their market share they should extend this to the Tesco international, as this would take them up a bit in the global ranking. They should adhere strictly to any laid down format towards achieving the companys objectives; these include Key performance Indicator. They should continue to maintain and protect the Environment locally and internationally. Never should they fail in constantly taking care of there customers by fulfilling their social responsibility. Tesco must continual with staff training and management practice across board and equally invest more on RD, for farther progress. 6.4 Strategic Intent Inasmuch as Tesco has attained a height in the grocery industry in the UK, they need to take it up to a commanding height of excellence by becoming the no. 1 in the globe. They need to establish anywhere favourable in Africa, after a careful research. In that case, this report suggests that Tesco should improve on the position they are at present, and climb to the next level as a world leader in food and non food market. 7.0 Strategic Development The summary of Tescos Objectives is to be an international retailer, maintain a strong core UK business, be as strong as in non food as in food, develop retailing services and put community at the heart of what they do. The Ansoff matrix will be a better tool to decide Tescos development strategy. Tesco need to improve, to be rated no 1 in the globe. Existing Products New Products Existing Market New Market Diagram 1: Ansoff Matrix Representation. 7.1 Market Penetration Tesco need to spread more of their products (its known already) spread more branches within UK so as to make business impossible for new entrant, and make business tougher for the existing ones, more customers will be using the product etc. Market development Tesco need to expand and as such this strategy will Tesco sell their existing products at new markets. This is most needed in the overseas where they are yet to be known. Product development This strategy is essential to adopt when Tesco wants to introduce any of their new products into an existing market like UK. Diversification It is a strategy that will enable Tesco market new products such as other non food items, in a new market. Tesco hope to establish a bank soonest in the UK, they could equally strategize on extending to other countries. They should adopt this strategy would help. 8.0 Strategic Implementation For market penetration strategy, it needs to be adapted to in order to boost the market share. They will achieve this by continually highly distinguished competitive price and more promotions for the customers, personal selling is encouraged and advertising. This will go a great length to dominate the market for Tesco. The management of Tesco needs to approve aggressive promotional campaign, with this will go vis-à  -vis a pricing strategy that will make other the market unattractive for other competitors. When they are doing this, they are restructuring a mature market for themselves. They also need to introduce a loyalty scheme. They should carry out a market development strategy to extend to those existing markets they have not been to with their already existing products. Just like some other countries in Asia. They should extend their existing products to such places. They need new competencies and those products should be modified so as to draw the attention of the existing market. Diversification could be a risky strategy. Tesco is about to start a Bank soon, which is expected to cash on opposition that exist amidst consumers toward UKs banks. (Guardian 2010),it is a good growth strategy for them, because this was what helped them, they started a non food items in 1997 which was led by Terry Leahy the chief Executive of Tesco (Tesco 2010) ands it immensely contributed to their profits. The Tesco non food raised 6.2% to  £13.1 billion with  £9 billion in the UK. They made  £4.1 billion in international. (Tesco corporate 2010). They should apply their usual process; use the competencies to carefully assess the risk involved and the gains in the diversification they would make. 9.0 Recommendations and Conclusion Inasmuch as Tesco is the leading grocer or retailer in the UK, they need to adopt the market penetration strategy of Ansoff matrix to dominate the market completely and broaden more and more their market share, thereby making the present notion that in every  £10 spent in grocery market in UK, Tesco account for  £3.The notion will change to every  £12 spent, Tesco accounts for  £6. It would be easier because they are not new in the market. Tesco need to use their competencies to extend and develop in foreign places, most especially Africa. They exist in almost other continents, but not Africa. Africa contributes either directly or indirectly so much towards the Economic growth in UK and America. (Lagos Chamber of commerce) Tesco should be continual in the study of customers so as to know the best strategy to adopt when there is another economic or socio-cultural situation. In conclusion, Tesco needs is a large diversified company and obviously they are doing better than others, but they still need to adhere to those measures and observe these suggested recommendations to be a world leader in retail industry. References/Bibliographies AICC (2010) Industry Analysis; The five forces [Online]. Available from: http://www.ces.purdue.edu/extmedia/ec/ec-722.pdf [Accessed: 26th April 2010] Economywatch (2010) Inflation; Economic inflation [Online]. 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